What Is a Kaftan? Definition, Origins, Styles & How to Wear It
Updated: August 27, 2025 • Reading time: ~12 min
Definition : A kaftan is a loose, long, robe-like garment with wide sleeves, historically worn across Asia, the Middle East and North Africa. Modern kaftans vary by length and fabric (cotton, silk, linen) and can be styled for the beach, resort looks or formal events using belts, embellishments and refined accessories.
Spelling & usage : Both “kaftan” and “caftan” are accepted; dictionaries often list them as variants of the same word. In US e-commerce and media, “kaftan dress,” “beach kaftan,” and “resort kaftan” are frequent product categories.
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The kaftan (also spelled caftan) is a garment that has made its mark in the fashion world. It is synonymous with elegance, comfort, respect, and summer. As soon as the first rays of sunshine appear, it makes its appearance. Indeed, this garment has everything you need for the warm season, as well as being steeped in history, since its origins date back to ancient Mesopotamia. It is the perfect choice for those seeking ultimate comfort and unique style, or for whom choosing a size is not a headache.
In contemporary fashion, a kaftan refers to a long, flowing robe or tunic, typically ankle-length with generous sleeves and a relaxed fit. It may be worn closed like a dress or open as an over-garment, and is commonly produced in breathable natural fibers such as cotton or silk.
Origins & Evolution
Ancient roots
Scholarly sources situate the garment’s origins in ancient Asia, often referenced to Mesopotamia and/or Persia, before its diffusion through Central and Western Asia.
Today, traditional kaftans, often worn in countries such as Morocco, Tunisia, and other parts of North Africa and the Middle East, tend to be ankle-length with long sleeves. This length is not just a matter of fashion, but also has practical reasons. The long cut offers protection from the sun and helps keep the body cool on hot days. Since the materials used to make kaftans, such as linen or cotton, are very breathable, the length allows for good air circulation without exposing the skin to direct sunlight.
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Tradition also plays a major role in the design of kaftans. In many cultures, covering clothing is considered a sign of respect. The ankle-length shape and long sleeves also correspond to the cultural norms and values of many societies in which kaftans are an integral part of the traditional wardrobe. The elegance and fluid drape of the caftan also emphasize the dignity and status of the wearer. Overall, the ankle-length caftan combines practicality with cultural traditions, offering a timeless style that is both comfortable and respectful.
Regional variations
Over centuries, the silhouette and terminology diversified: in Morocco the kaftan became an occasion dress, while in Russia “kaftan” shifted to a different men’s coat style. These cultural branches coexist with the modern, global fashion use of “kaftan.”
20th-century & 1970s revival
Designers and cultural icons popularized kaftans in the 1960s–70s; fashion history analyses document the period’s unisex, free-form silhouettes and their political/cultural charge.
Halston, the famous American designer known for his mastery of cut, was no stranger to the influence that the kaftan had on the most elegant women. At his fall/winter 1972 fashion show, he presented the version of this style that we know today: a long dress with loose sleeves and a maxi silhouette that falls straight down the body. This is proof that sophistication was beginning to resemble kaftans.
Anatomy of a Kaftan
We know that Elizabeth Taylor was a big fan of kaftans. She is credited with several style lessons, as she created several outfits with this iconic dress throughout her life. This is proof that she wore them on the most formal occasions. To do so, she chose them with rhinestone finishes and eye-catching fabrics, then complemented them with sparkling accessories and an eloquent hairstyle. But a kaftan is much more than that, and modern versions can be much more sophisticated when you think about it :
- Cuts & lengths - Mini, midi or maxi; straight column or A-line; side slits are common for ease. A belt (self-fabric, leather or jeweled) can introduce shape at the waist.
- Necklines & closures - V-neck, round or embellished yokes; open-front variants function as over-robes; hidden snaps or frog closures appear on formal pieces.
- Fabrics - Summer-leaning materials (cotton voile, linen, viscose, silk crepe, chiffon) emphasize drape and breathability; velvet, brocade or satin support evening formality.
- Embellishments - Embroidery, beading, appliqué, metallic trims, or regional techniques (e.g., gota patti) elevate festive looks.
Types of Kaftans By Region & Use
African Contient
Moroccan Kaftan (Ceremonial/Evening) : A formal, occasion-led silhouette often worn for weddings and celebrations. Expect rich textiles (silk, velvet, brocade), intricate hand-embellishment and layered constructions (sometimes paired with a belt). The Moroccan wardrobe also includes related ceremonial ensembles like the takshita. It is not insignificant that the Algerian style closely resembles that of Morocco due to its proximity and almost identical traditions.
Algerian Kaftan : In north-western Algeria (Tlemcen), the bridal ensemble features a velvet caftan with gold embroidery as part of the famed Chedda ritual—recognized by UNESCO for its rites and craftsmanship. It underscores the kaftan’s ceremonial role and high level of artisanal work.
Nigerian Kaftan : In West Africa, the men’s kaftan is a pullover robe (ankle-length, long sleeves) typically worn with matching drawstring trousers—often called a kaftan suit—and can function as formalwear. The style is widespread across the region (e.g., “Senegalese kaftan”).
Asia Continent
Turkish Kaftan : During the Ottoman Empire, now the country of Turkey, kaftans were crafted in sumptuous silks and metal-wrapped threads were garments of status, presented as robes of honor and preserved in palace collections such as Topkapı. Museum catalogs and essays describe large-scale motifs, brocades, and techniques like serâser (taqueté) used for imperial robes. Turkish caftans once symbolized rank and ceremonies, and were made from luxurious fabrics and grand motifs to be worn according to the seasons. Museum collections (Topkapı, among others) preserve numerous imperial examples
Indian Kaftan : Worn as resortwear and occasionwear, Indian kaftans frequently showcase regional embellishment techniques such as Gota Patti from Rajasthan (metallic ribbon appliqué), along with zardozi or chikankari depending on designer and region. Contemporary labels style them for festive dressing and summer comfort.
Incredible India
Pakistani Kaftan : Adopted in womenswear for festive and wedding events, Pakistani kaftans appear in chiffon, silk or velvet with embroidery, beadwork and tassel details—popular around Eid and formal seasons, with designers and multi-brand retailers offering dedicated edits
Kaftan vs. Abaya vs. Jalabiya: The Differences
| Garment | Typical Use | Construction & Look | Color/Finish | Cultural Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kaftan/Caftan | Fashion dress or over-garment; casual to formal | Robe/tunic; open or closed; wide sleeves; belts optional | Any fabric; prints, embroideries common | Worn across Asia/MENA; strong presence in fashion |
| Abaya | Modest outer garment worn by some Muslim women | Usually a closed over-garment worn over clothes | Traditionally black (modern variants exist) | Primarily Gulf/Arab regions; religious/cultural modesty wear |
| Jalabiya/Galabeya | Everyday traditional dress (unisex variants regionally) | Wide, simple T-shape; often no collar; easy wear | From white cotton (summer) to thicker winter fabrics | Nile Valley (Egypt/Sudan) & Horn of Africa traditions |
Notes : A kaftan can be a fashion piece on its own, an abaya is typically an outer modesty layer and a jalabiya/galabeya is a regional everyday robe with a simpler cut.
When & How to Wear a Kaftan
Now it's time to see how the younger generations have adopted this tunic into their everyday lives.
Street style : It has given the caftan a fresher, more avant-garde look. To achieve this, chose a vibrant print and paired it with flip-flop sandals. Yes, the plastic ones you wear to the beach. But don't worry, this combination isn't just for the pool—you can also wear it to a restaurant or on a date with friends.
Another way to modernize a caftan is to wear it with cowboy boots. They will give this flowing dress a cool, more casual look. You can wear it to the office or to dinner with friends. We suggest pairing neutral colors with bolder ones, such as white and gold.
Working day : If you are considering wearing a caftan to the office, we recommend paying attention to accessories, especially shoes. To take it out of the vacation context and make it more formal, high boots will suffice. You can also add stiletto heels or loafers, depending on your taste.
Casual & beach : Wear a breezy cotton or viscose kaftan over swimwear; pair with flat sandals, a raffia tote and a sun hat. For coverage with movement, choose side slits and a knee-to-mid-calf length.
Resort & travel : For day trips, a printed midi in lightweight crepe delivers polish without heat buildup; add leather slides and minimalist jewelry. And when it comes to romance, wrap-around sandals are making an appearance. They will enhance any kaftan, especially printed ones. This combination is perfect for a stroll around town or for enjoying the best vacation in a tropical region.
Evening & weddings : Opt for lined satin/velvet or embellished silk; cinch with a structured belt to define the waist; finish with heels, a box clutch and statement earrings.
Body-type pointers
- Petite: V-necklines, vertical prints, above-ankle lengths.
- Curvy: Fluid fabrics with a belt at natural waist; controlled shoulder volume.
- Tall: Maxi lengths and dramatic sleeves; consider a contrasting belt.
Sizing & Fit Guide
Kaftans are designed with positive ease (intentional looseness). Focus on:
- Bust (primary fit point), hips, length.
- For belted styles, select by bust; the belt manages waist definition.
- If between sizes, prioritize fabric behavior (silk/viscose drape more; cotton/linen hold shape).
Check out our custom size guide for each product with inch/cm conversion and photos for reference.
Fabrics & Care
- Cotton/Linen: Cool, breathable; machine-wash gentle, reshape and hang dry; warm iron/steam.
- Viscose/Rayon: Excellent drape; wash cold in a mesh bag or dry-clean if embellished.
- Silk: Dry-clean recommended; if hand-washing, use silk-safe detergent, do not wring; steam lightly from the reverse.
- Velvet/Brocade: Spot clean; protect pile and metallic threads; store in breathable garment bags.
Travel tip - roll (don’t fold) to reduce creasing; hang in a steamy bathroom on arrival.
Price expectations
- Under $100: casual beachwear, unlined, machine-made.
- $100–$300: better fabrics, improved finishing.
- $300+ (designer/artisanal): premium materials, handwork, distinctive cuts.
Conclusion : Are Kaftans in Style in 2025?
Yes, industry coverage shows a sustained kaftan revival in resort and summer dressing. Fashion press and retailers highlight the silhouette’s versatility from poolside to evening, with pop-culture tie-ins and search spikes reported in 2024–2025. Discover the NEW ARRIVALS to find the perfect kaftan for you!
FAQs
What is a kaftan?
A long, loose, robe-like garment with wide sleeves; modern versions range from beach cover-ups to formal dresses in fabrics like cotton, silk and linen.
Is a kaftan a dress or a robe?
Both. It can be worn closed as a dress or open as an over-garment; belts or yokes add structure when needed.
Where did kaftans originate?
Ancient Asia, commonly situated around Mesopotamia/Persia, with later prominence in the Ottoman court and widespread regional adaptations.
What’s the difference between a kaftan and an abaya?
A kaftan is a fashion garment (open or closed). An abaya is generally a modest over-garment, traditionally black, worn over clothes in many Arab regions.
How do you style a kaftan for evening?
Choose lined crepe/satin or embellished silk, add a structured belt, heeled sandals and statement jewelry; keep the bag compact.
Which fabrics work best for summer?
Linen, cotton voile, silk crepe or lightweight viscose for breathability and drape.
Are kaftans flattering on all body types?
Yes—select necklines, slit height and belt placement to balance proportions.
How do I care for a silk kaftan?
Prefer dry-cleaning; if hand-washing, use silk-safe detergent, avoid wringing and steam lightly on the reverse.
Can men wear kaftans?
Historically yes, kaftans have been worn by men and women in multiple regions for centuries. Unfortunatly, Kaftan Dresses only focus on kaftans for women.
Are kaftans trending in 2025?
Yes, media coverage of fashion reflects renewed visibility in the media, fashion shows, and shopping guides. It also shows that this trend will grow in the coming years as people become more aware of the greatness of the caftan.
Glossary (Quick Reference)
- Kaftan/Caftan: Long, loose robe/tunic; fashion and traditional uses.
- Abaya: Modest over-garment worn by some Muslim women, traditionally black.
- Jalabiya/Galabeya: Simple, wide-cut robe from the Nile Valley, worn daily.
- Brocade: Rich, patterned fabric often with metallic threads.
- Yoke: Shaped pattern piece at the neckline/shoulders.
- Side slit: Opening at the side seam for ease.
Suggested Outbound Sources
For readers who want to dive deeper into history and terminology:
- Encyclopedia Britannica (history/definition).
- FIT Fashion History Timeline (historical analysis).
- The Met Museum (Ottoman textiles & kaftan fragments).
- Vogue/Vogue Business & Who What Wear (current fashion context).